CSS Grid Layout Cheatsheet

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March 10, 2025 22:13

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Grid Container Properties

Display Property

Defines the element as a grid container, enabling grid layout for its direct children.

display: grid; - Creates a block-level grid.
display: inline-grid; - Creates an inline-level grid.

Example:

.container {
  display: grid;
}

Grid Template Columns

Specifies the number and width of columns in the grid.

grid-template-columns: <track-size> ...; - Defines column sizes explicitly.
grid-template-columns: repeat(<n>, <track-size>); - Repeats column definitions.
grid-template-columns: auto ...; - Columns size to content.
grid-template-columns: minmax(<min>, <max>) ...; - Sets min and max column sizes.

Examples:

.container {
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 2fr 1fr; /* Three columns with relative widths */
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 100px); /* Three 100px columns */
  grid-template-columns: auto 1fr auto; /* Columns adapt to content, with flexible middle column */
}

Grid Template Rows

Specifies the number and height of rows in the grid.

grid-template-rows: <track-size> ...; - Defines row sizes explicitly.
grid-template-rows: repeat(<n>, <track-size>); - Repeats row definitions.
grid-template-rows: auto ...; - Rows size to content.
grid-template-rows: minmax(<min>, <max>) ...; - Sets min and max row sizes.

Examples:

.container {
  grid-template-rows: 100px auto 100px; /* Fixed and flexible row heights */
  grid-template-rows: repeat(2, 1fr); /* Two equal height rows */
}

Grid Template Areas

Defines named grid areas, allowing you to place items using names rather than line numbers.

grid-template-areas: '<area-name> ...' ...; - Assigns names to grid areas.
. - Represents an empty grid cell.

Example:

.container {
  grid-template-areas:
    'header header'
    'main   aside'
    'footer footer';
}

Gap Properties

Specifies the size of the gap between grid rows and columns.

grid-gap: <row-gap> <column-gap>; - Sets both row and column gaps.
grid-row-gap: <length>; - Sets only the row gap.
grid-column-gap: <length>; - Sets only the column gap.
gap: <row-gap> <column-gap>; - Shorthand for grid-gap.

Examples:

.container {
  gap: 10px; /* 10px gap between rows and columns */
  row-gap: 20px; /* 20px gap between rows */
  column-gap: 15px; /* 15px gap between columns */
}

Justify Content

Aligns the grid along the inline (row) axis when the grid size is smaller than the container.

justify-content: start; - Aligns to the start of the container.
justify-content: end; - Aligns to the end of the container.
justify-content: center; - Centers the grid within the container.
justify-content: stretch; - Stretches grid items to fill the container.
justify-content: space-around; - Distributes space evenly around items.
justify-content: space-between; - Distributes space evenly between items.
justify-content: space-evenly; - Distributes space evenly around and between items.

Grid Item Properties

Grid Column & Row

Specifies an item’s start and end lines/tracks within the grid.

Examples:

.item {
  grid-column: 1 / 3; /* Item spans from column line 1 to 3 */
  grid-row: 2 / span 2; /* Item spans two rows starting from row line 2 */
}

Grid Area

Assigns an item to a named grid area or defines its position based on line numbers.

grid-area: <area-name> | <row-start> / <column-start> / <row-end> / <column-end>;

Examples:

.item {
  grid-area: header; /* Places item in the 'header' area */
  grid-area: 1 / 1 / 3 / 4; /* Equivalent to setting row and column start/end lines */
}

Justify Self

Aligns a grid item along the inline (column) axis within its grid area.

justify-self: start; - Aligns item to the start of its area.
justify-self: end; - Aligns item to the end of its area.
justify-self: center; - Centers item within its area.
justify-self: stretch; - Stretches item to fill its area.

Example:

.item {
  justify-self: center; /* Centers the item horizontally */
}

Align Self

Aligns a grid item along the block (row) axis within its grid area.

align-self: start; - Aligns item to the top of its area.
align-self: end; - Aligns item to the bottom of its area.
align-self: center; - Centers item vertically within its area.
align-self: stretch; - Stretches item to fill its area.

Example:

.item {
  align-self: end; /* Aligns the item to the bottom */
}

Place Self

Shorthand property for setting both align-self and justify-self.

place-self: <align-self> <justify-self>;

Example:

.item {
  place-self: center start; /* Centers vertically, aligns to the start horizontally */
}

Advanced Grid Concepts

Implicit vs. Explicit Grid

The explicit grid is defined using grid-template-columns and grid-template-rows. The implicit grid is created when content is placed outside of the explicit grid.

grid-auto-rows: <track-size>; - Defines the size of implicitly created rows.
grid-auto-columns: <track-size>; - Defines the size of implicitly created columns.
grid-auto-flow: row | column | dense; - Controls how auto-placement algorithm works.

Examples:

.container {
  grid-auto-rows: 1fr; /* All implicit rows are the same height */
  grid-auto-flow: dense; /* Tries to fill in gaps in the grid */
}

Minmax Function

Defines a size range greater than or equal to min and less than or equal to max. Can be used in grid-template-columns and grid-template-rows.

minmax(<min>, <max>)

Examples:

.container {
  grid-template-columns: minmax(100px, 200px) 1fr; /* First column is between 100px and 200px */
}

Repeat Function

Repeats a track list multiple times, useful for creating repetitive grid structures.

repeat(<number | auto-fill | auto-fit>, <track-list>)

auto-fill: Fills the row with as many columns as it can fit.
auto-fit: Behaves like auto-fill, but collapses empty tracks.

Examples:

.container {
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(150px, 1fr)); /* Creates as many 150px columns as can fit */
}

Nesting Grids

A grid item can also be a grid container, creating nested grids. This allows for complex layouts where individual sections have their own grid structure.

Example:

<div class="container">
  <div class="item"> 
    <div class="nested-grid"> ... </div>
  </div>
</div>

.nested-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
}

Practical Grid Examples

Basic Layout Structure

Creating a simple header, content, and footer layout.

HTML:

<div class="grid-container">
  <header>Header</header>
  <main>Main Content</main>
  <footer>Footer</footer>
</div>

CSS:

.grid-container {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-areas:
    'header'
    'main'
    'footer';
  grid-template-rows: auto 1fr auto;
  height: 100vh;
}
header { grid-area: header; }
main   { grid-area: main;   }
footer { grid-area: footer; }

Sidebar Layout

Implementing a layout with a main content area and a sidebar.

HTML:

<div class="grid-container">
  <main>Main Content</main>
  <aside>Sidebar</aside>
</div>

CSS:

.grid-container {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 3fr 1fr;
  gap: 1rem;
}
main { /* styles for main */ }
aside { /* styles for aside */ }

Responsive Image Gallery

Creating an image gallery that adapts to different screen sizes.

HTML:

<div class="gallery">
  <img src="image1.jpg" alt="">
  <img src="image2.jpg" alt="">
  ...
</div>

CSS:

.gallery {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(200px, 1fr));
  gap: 1rem;
}
.gallery img {
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
}